Articles that cite Herman Gray
Cited References regarding Herman Gray and Race and Ethnicity
Bobo, J. “Black-Women in Fiction and Nonfiction – Images of Power and Powerlessness.” Wide Angle – A Quarterly Journal of Film History Theory Criticism & Practice 13.3-4 (1991): 72-81.
Eschholz, S., Bufkin, J., and J Long. " Symbolic reality bites: Women and racial/ethnic minorities in modern film." Sociological Spectrum 22.3 (2002): 299-334
Coover, GE. “Television and social identity: Race representation as “White” accommodation.” Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 45.3 (2001): 413-431.
Greg Gilbert 250275814
Cited References Search for Herman Gray, “Television, Black Americans and the American Dream.”
1. Meyers, M. “African American women and violence: Gender, race, and class in the news.” Critical Studies In Media Communication (2004): 21 (2): 95-118.
This article talks about a study conducted to examine the portrayal of violence in the media in the presence of gender, race, and class oppressions. The author uses “Freaknik” (an annual ritual that brings African American college students from across the US to Atlanta, Georgia in the 90s) to demonstrate his point.
2. Eschholz S. et al. “Symbolic reality bites: Women and racial/ethnic minorities in modern film.” Sociological Spectrum (2002): Vol 22, Issue 3, pages 299-334.
This article discusses the way in which woman and minorities are frequently excluded or placed in minor or stereotypical roles in mass media productions. The authors believe that such portrayals contribute to the public’s construction of reality and may be the cause of the prevalence of racism and sexism in our society.
3. Lundman RJ. “The newsworthiness and selection bias in news about murder: Comparative and relative effects of novelty and race and gender typifications on newspaper coverage of homicide.” Sociological Forum (2003): Vol 18, Issue 3, pages 357-386.
This article talks about the newspaper coverage of homicide and the selection bias of journalists. Research has suggested that journalists determine whether a news story about murder is newsworthy by assessing how well the event fits in with stereotypical race and gender characteristics. The author also addresses the limits of this study and discusses how the present research corrects these limits.
Daisy Tsang
Articles that Cite Herman Gray's "Television, Black Americans and the American Dream"
1) Lundman, RJ. "The newsworthiness and selection bias in news about murder: Comparative and relative effects of novelty and race and gender typifications on newspaper coverage of homicide." Sociological Forum 18.3 (2003): 357-386.
This article would be beneficial to one researching the topic of the racial stereotyping of blacks in television as it offers a close analysis of the production of news. In this way, we can see how news worthiness is evaluated and how the social construction of news is well defined. For instance, the article discusses journalists' evalutation of the worthiness of news depending on longstanding racial stereotyping that will further perpetuate such representations in the media and in life.
2) Eschholz, S., Bufkin, J., and J Long. " Symbolic reality bites: Women and racial/ethnic minorities in modern film." Sociological Spectrum 22.3 (2002): 299-334.
This article concentrates on the representation of women and racial minorities in the media. The article discusses the effects of restriciting them to minor stereotypical roles, which in turn enforces the social construction of reality. In this way, people begin to imitate the roles that are presented to them by the media. This article would be helpful for someone writing an article on the stereotyping of minorities, based on race as well as sex. Most studies seem to include an evaluation of both topics. Once again, these are reliable authors who have conducted studies at Georgia State University.
3) Coltrane, S., and M Messineo. "The perpetuation of subtle prejudice: Race and gender imagery in 1990s television advertising." Sex Roles 42.5 (2000): 363-389.
This article analyzes the the portrayal of different genders and races in television commercials. The authors argue that there are specific stereotypical images that advertising agencies use to sell their product. Although this article does not focus directly on racial discrimination in the media, it analyzes it as part of a more complex study. It is also helpful that it studies another forum of media.
3 cited articles of Herman gray
Ganetz ,H. "Media and (popular) culture" S0ciologisk Forskning 35 .3-4 (1998): 101-122.
Rockler, NR . "Race, whiteness, "lightness," and relevance: African American and European American interpretations of Jump Start and The Boondocks". Critical Studies in Media Communication 19.4 (2002): 398-418.
Roome, D. ""cultural reconciliation" in South African situation comedy: 'Suburban Bliss' and multicultural female viewers" . Journal and Film and Video 51.3-4 (1999): 61-87 .
By Simar Hamid
The Portrayal of African Americans in Television and the Media
1) Jewell, Sue K. "TV Still Presenting Black Women as Stereotypes." The New Pittsburgh Courier [Pittsburgh] 3 March 1993.
This was found on the Ethnic Newswatch database.
This article provides an analysis of several television programs based around African American families in the 1980s and early 1990s. The author argues that television shows such as Family Matters and Good Times reinforce certain stereotypical stock characters that portray African Americans in a negative way. Although this article is fairly old, it cannot be assumed that it is out of date as many of the characters they identify can still be found in the entertainment media today. This is a good site as the author acknowledges that although the Cosby Show portrayed Claire Huxtable as a smart and successful African American woman, such representations are rare. The author also discusses the stereotypical characters in detail, which immediately come to mind. This article stresses the importance of establishing racial equality in the entertainment industry since art represents life and vice versa.
2) Mayers, Marian. "African American Women and Violence: Gender, Race, and Class in the News." Critical Studies in Media Communication, 21.2 (2004): 95-118.
This was found on the Humanities Abstracts database.
This article discusses the portrayal of African American women in news stories. The author argues that they are shown to act indecently, which in turn provokes their assault. This stereotypical view perpetuates stereotypes as the African American women are meant to seem guilty when they are in fact the victimes of a violent crime. This is a useful article as it opens the eyes of the public to the falsehoods often present in the well crafted news stories that we hold in such high regard.
3) Henderson, Jennifer Jacobs, and Gerald J. Baldasty. "Race, Advertising, and Prime-Time Television." The Howard Journal of Communications, 14.2 (2003): 97-112.
This was found on Social Science Abstracts.
This article analyzes the amount of diversity on television commercials and the representation of racial minorities like African Americans. The study concludes that African Americans are perceived as low budget consumers and this representation comes through in commercials. This is a useful site because it discusses the way consumerism also holds a stereotypical image of African Americans in mind when creating commercials. This is a useful article because it's important to look at all aspects of the media and how racial minorities are represented.
Black White and in Color Citations
Meyers, M. “American Women and Violence: Gender, Race, and Class in the News” Critical Studies in Media Communication 21.2 (2004): 95-118.
Eschholz S, J Bufkin and J Long. “Symbolic Reality Bites: Women and Racial/Ethnic Minorities in Modern Film,” Sociological Spectrum 22.3 (2002): 299-334.
Coltrane S, and M Messineo. “The Perpetuation of Subtle Prejudice: Race and Gender Imagery in 1990s Television Advertising,” Sex Roles 42.5/6 (2000): 363-389.
African American women and violence: Gender, race, and class in the news
http://go5.isiknowledge.com/portal.cgi/WOS
This Article discusses representation of violence against African American women in local TV news coverage. It draws on Black feminist theory in its examination of the ways that gender, race, and class intersected to shape the representation of the victims, the perpetrators, and the violence.
Challenges & compromises in Spike Lee's Malcolm X
http://go5.isiknowledge.com/portal.cgi/WOS
This artice examines Spike Lee's Malcolm X as an important refernce in understanding African American perspectives that challenge the typical stereotypes of mainstream Hollywood film.
The public and private dialogue about the American family on television
http://go5.isiknowledge.com/portal.cgi/WOS
The article takes a closer lookd at the public dialogue by focusing on TV family realism, structure, and relationship models. It discusses the connections between public opinion and family communication.
This was Posted by Amy and Kali
Cite References: Herman Gray
3 articles which cite the article: Herman Gray, "Television, Black Americans and the American Dream"
Coover, GE. “Television and social identity: Race representation as “White” accommodation.” Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 45.3 (2001): 413-431.
Coltrane, S., and M. Messineo. “The perpetuation of subtle prejudice: Race and gender imagery in 1990s television.” Sex Roles 45.5-6 (2000): 363-389.
Bobo, J. “Black-Women in Fiction and Nonfiction – Images of Power and Powerlessness.” Wide Angle – A Quarterly Journal of Film History Theory Criticism & Practice 13.3-4 (1991): 72-81.
Cited References About Race and Ethnicity
Jaqueline Goldsby's article "The High and Low Tech of IT: The Meaning of Lynching and the Death of Emmett Till" only has one citation on the Web of Science. It is cited in an article that appeared in the African American Review in 1999. This article could prove to be helpful because it is about racial violence and representation.
Here's the bibliographical information:
Stephens, J "Racial violence and representation: Performance strategiese in lynching dramas of the 1920s" African American Review 33 (4): 655-671 WIN 1999
2. Citation Pearl Growing
Title: Time and time again: 'Live' television commentary and the construction of replay talk
Author(s): Marriott S
Source: MEDIA CULTURE & SOCIETY 18 (1): 69-86 JAN 1996
Publisher: SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND EC2A 4PU
Title: POSTMODERNISM AND THE END OF THE INDIVIDUAL - FROM REPRESSIVE SELF-MASTERY TO ECSTATIC COMMUNICATION
Author(s): ASHLEY D
Source: CURRENT PERSPECTIVES IN SOCIAL THEORY 10: 195-221 1990
Publisher: JAI PRESS INC, 55 OLD POST RD-#2, PO BOX 1678, GREENWICH, CT 06836-1678
Title: DISCOURSE TALK TELEVISION
Author(s): DEMING RH
Source: SCREEN 26 (6): 88-92 1985
Publisher: OXFORD UNIV PRESS, WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP
These articles have a more spcific focus than the misrepresentation of blacks on television; here the topic of concern is the idea of discourse in shaping stereotypes created about racial minorities. Technically a lot of social discourse stems from television, so if the researcher was interested in discusses this negative feedback loop, then these articles would be of use to them.
"Television, Black Americans and the American Dream"
The first article found which sites Herman Gray's article, "Television, Black Americans and the American Dream" is one written by M. Meyers. It focuses on the representation of violence against African American women in local TV news coverage. It draws on Black feminist theory in its examination of the ways that gender, race, and class intersected to shape the representation of the victims, the perpetrators, and the violence. It would be promising for someone researching how images of race and ethnicity are constructed in media discourse.
The bibliography is as follows:
Meyers, M. African American Women and Violence: Gender, Race, and Class in the News. England: Oxford Press, 2004. Online. <http://go5.isiknowledge.com/portal.cgi/WOS>
Another article which sites Gray's writing is one composed by three authors: S Eschholz , J Bufkin, and J Long. It discusses modern film throughout the media and how often these types of portrayals in film are important factors in the social construction of reality among the general public, and therefore may express negative racist thought. Research has shown that although minorities have made some movement towards a more positive film portrayal in comparison to earlier studies, they are still misrepresented with consistency in projecting traditional stereotypes. Similarly, they are also under-represented in lead roles of major motion pictures as well.
The bibliography is as follows:
Eschholz, S, J Bufkin and J Long. Symbolic Reality Bites: Women and Racial/Ethnic Minorities in Film. Philadelphia: Taylor and Francis Inc, 2002. Online. <http://go5.isiknowledge.com/portal.cgi/WOS>
A third article which references Gray's aritcle is collectively written by two authors: S Coltrane and M Messineo. This particular article is promising for someone researching how images of race and ethnicity are constructed in media discourse as it discusses race and gender in television advertising throughout the 1990s. It raises a point that most contemporary advertisments portray white men as powerful and and white women as sex symbols. On the other hand, advertisements portray African American men as aggressive, and African American women as inconsequential. It exaggerates their cultural differences and romanticizes most white people.
The bibliography is as follows:
Coltrane, S and M Messineo. The Perpetration of Social Prejudice: Race and Gender in Imagery in 1990s Television Advertising: New York: Plenum Publishing, 2000. Online. http://go5.isiknowledge.com/portal.cgi/WOS
By: Kara Woodburn
Lab # 5
By: Lesley Walton and Katie Mckinnon
Lab # 4
JL, Stevens. "Racial violence and representation: Performance strategies in lynching dramas of the 1920s." Afrcian American Review 33.4 (1999): 655-67.
This article would be useful for anyone researching representation of racial violence as it addresses lynching dramas in the 1920's. It is a fairly recent article, allowing a relatively updated version on the issue.
C, Blair. "Reflections on criticism and bodies: Parables from public places " WESTERN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION 65.3 (2001): 271-294.
E, Klaver." 'COMING ATTRACTIONS' + TALLY,TED - THEATER AND THE PERFORMANCE OF TELEVISION." MOSAIC-A JOURNAL FOR THE INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDY OF LITERATURE 28.4 (1995): 111-127.
Lab # 5
1. Location: Weldon DBW Stack
Call #: PN1992.8.A34Z66 1999
Subject Heading:
African Americans on television.
African Americans in television broadcasting.
Zook, Kristal Brent. Color by Fox: the Fox network and the revolution in Black television. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
2. Location: Weldon DBW Stack
Call #: PN1992.8.R26M66 2002
Subject Heading:
Rape on television
African Americans on television.
Rape -- Press coverage -- United States.
Moorti, Sujati. Color of rape: gender and race in television's public spheres. Albany: State University of New York Press, c2002
3.) Location: Weldon DBW Stack
Call number: PN1992.8.A34S48 2002
Subject headings:
American American Women in Television
Smith-Shomade, Beretta E. Shaded lives: African-American women and television. New Brunswick, N.J.; London: Rutgers University Press, 2002.
4. Location: Weldon DBW Stack
Call #: PN1995.9.N4R67 1996
Subject Headings:
Blacks in motion pictures.
Blacks in the motion picture industry.
African Americans in motion pictures.
African Americans in the motion picture industry.
Blacks on television.
Blacks in television broadcasting.
African Americans on television.
African Americans in television broadcasting.
Ross Karen. Black and white media : black images in popular film and television. Cambridge, Mass.: Polity Press, 1996.
Citation Pearl Growing
Articles which cite: Gray, Herman. "Television, Black Americans, and the American Dream." Critical Studies in Mass Communication 6 (1989): 376-86.
Meyers, M. "African American Women and Violence: Gender, race, and class in the news." Critical Studies in Media Communication 21.2 (2004): 95-118.
Eschholz S, Bufkin J, and J. Long. "Symbolic Reality Bites: Women and Racial/Ethnic Minorities in Modern Film." Sociological Spectrum 22.3 (2002): 299-334.
Coover, GE. "Television and Social Identity: Race Representation as 'White' Accomodation." Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media 45.3 (2001): 413-431.
Nooreen Bhanji
Nooreen Bhanji
images of race and ethnicity
Title: African American women and violence: Gender, race, and class in the news
Author(s): Meyers M
Source: CRITICAL STUDIES IN MEDIA COMMUNICATION 21 (2): 95-118 JUN 2004
This article discusses how African-american women are portrayed in the news and media and how it represents the victims and the victimizers.
Title: The newsworthiness and selection bias in news about murder: Comparative and relative effects of novelty and race and gender typifications on newspaper coverage of homicide
Author(s): Lundman RJ
Source: SOCIOLOGICAL FORUM 18 (3): 357-386 SEP 2003
this article talks about how the media decides which homicides to cover based on the race and gender. it talks about how the news has a "selection bias" - basically, what will make their ratings better.
Title: Symbolic reality bites: Women and racial/ethnic minorities in modern film
Author(s): Eschholz S, Bufkin J, Long J
Source: SOCIOLOGICAL SPECTRUM 22 (3): 299-334 JUL-SEP 2002
this article discusses how the portrayal of women and racial minorities in film stuck with the usual stereotypes or they were given smaller roles in the film. These days they are becoming less stereotyped in films, however, the traditional stereotypes still exsist.
Meyers, M. “African American Women and Violence: Gender, race, and class in the news.” Critical Studies in Media Communication 21 (2) (June 2004): pg. 95-118
Lundman, RJ. “The newsworthiness and selection bias in news about murder: Comparative and relative effects of novelty and race and gender typifications on newspaper coverage of homicide.”
Bufkin J, Escholz S, Long J. “Symbolic reality bites: Women and racial/ethnic minorities in modern film.” Sociological Spectrum 22 (3) (July-September 2002): pg. 299-334
References to Articles Pertaining to Race and Media
Lundman, RJ. "The newsworthiness and selection bias in news about murder: Comparative and relative effects of novelty and race and gender typifications on newspaper coverage of homicide," Sociological Forum 18.3 (2003): 357-386 .
This article deals with the treatment of murder stories by members of the media, and how they present stories according to a stereotypical formulae, which have been established through years of misrepresentation of different ethniticities. The article makes suggestions for improving the bias of media members which ultimately goes into determining newsworthiness of stories. This would be useful to someone engaged in research concerning race, ethnicity and media discourse because it provides evidence of the selectivity that goes into treatments of stories pertaining to race, gender and ethnicity.
Title: The police officer's dilemma: Using ethnicity to disambiguate potentially threatening individuals
Author(s): Correll J, Park B, Judd CM, Wittenbrink B
Source: JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 83 (6): 1314-1329 DEC 2002
This article is based on a study performed on police officers who were assessed on the amount of time it took them to shoot armed persons, while avioding unarmed persons using a virtual videogame. The study showed that White cops would more readily shoot at armed individuals if they were black, and would also not shoot an unarmed target if they were white. This study was conducted to show the racism that exist, and how it could be of potentail danger when practised by police officers who have the power to practise racial profiling. This would be of use because it shows working examples of how rascism does exist, and it wouldn't be hard to find a speific case study of wrongful racial profiling.
Title: RACIAL IDEOLOGY IN UNITED-STATES MAINSTREAM NEWS MAGAZINE COVERAGE OF BLACK-LATINO INTERACTION, 1980-1992
Author(s): SHAH H, THORNTON MC
Source: CRITICAL STUDIES IN MASS COMMUNICATION 11 (2): 141-161 JUN 1994
This article discusses the implications journalistic practises can have on ideas of race, gender and ethnicity, and how important is it for individuals who have the power to sway public opionion, to do so in a favourable way. The article also introduces the abstract term ideology which is a predetermined way of thinking ingrained by social norms, beliefs and ideals of a society. The article would be useful because it exposes some of these ideologies ascribed to by people, making it extremely difficult to suggest alternate opinions about race and ethnicity.
Taken from "Talk, Talk, Tlak: the Space of Discourse in Television News Media, Sportscasts, Talk Shows and Advertising"
Nelson, JL. “On Media and Existence – Critical Response.” Critical Studies in Mass
Communication. 4.3 (1987): 311-318.
Deming, RH. "Discourse Talk Television" Screen 26.6 (1985): 88-92
Tolson, A. "Anecdotal Television." Screen 26.2 (1985): 18-27.
Posted by Bryan Causarano, Cole Thorsen, and Alex Paterson
Racial Violence and representation: Performance strategies in lynching dramas of the 1920s
This article cites Jacqueline Goldsby's "The high and low tech of it: The meaning of lynching andd the death of Emmett Till."
http://wos02.isiknowledge.com/?SID=d2O946ONipcd4egcCoB&Func=Abstract&doc=22/1
POSTED BY:
Andrew Ioi &
Erin LaRocque
Citation in articles for Morse, Margaret
Works Cited:
Nelson, JL. "ON MEDIA AND EXISTENCE - CRITICAL RESPONSE" CRITICAL STUDIES IN MASS COMMUNICATION. 4.3 (1987): 311-318. Web of Science. Western Libraries, London, On. 1 Feb. 2005
Marriot, S. "Time and time again: 'Live' television commentary and the construction of replay talk" MEDIA CULTURE & SOCIETY 18 .1(1996): 69-86. Web of Science. Western Libraries, London, On. 1 Feb. 2005
Ashley, D. "POSTMODERNISM AND THE END OF THE INDIVIDUAL - FROM REPRESSIVE SELF-MASTERY TO ECSTATIC COMMUNICATION" CURRENT PERSPECTIVES IN SOCIAL THEORY. 10(1990): 195-221. Web of Science. Western Libraries, London, On. 1 Feb. 2005
citation examples
1.
Stephens, J. "'And Yet They Paused' and A 'Bill to Be Passed': Newly recovered lynching dramas by Georgia Douglas Johnson." African American Review 33 (Fall 1999): 519-522.
Summary: This article seems like a good source as it directly referencing the topic being addressed in Goldsby's work, that being lynching. The content seems to be extremely relevant to someone researching how images of race and ethnicity are constructed in media discourse. It's also relatively recent, less than five years old.
2.
Stephens, JL. "Anti-lynch Plays by African American Women-Race, Gender and Social Protest in American Drama." African American Review 26 (Summer 1992): 329-331.
Summary: This article gives a more direct female perspective on the topic of lynching which may be helpful in gaining more well rounded research. Although it is a few years older, the information is historically based and thus age of the article is not as much an issue.
3.
Coover, GE. "Television and Social Identity: Race Representation as 'White' Accomodation." The Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media 45 (Summer 2001): 413-431.
Summary: A study done on the influence of race representation on white viewers indicates that Black actors and commentators on television are readily accepted. Results mentioned included topics on aversive or enlightened racism and the accomodation of white identity. Considering Gray's work on Black american in TV, this article was an interesting comparison and is very relevant to the topic. It is only a few years old and adds a new perspective to the larger issue.
-posted by katie and robyn-
Cited References About Race and Ethnicity
Jacueline Goldsby's article "The High and Low Tech of It: The Meaning of Lynching and the Death of Emmett Till" is only cited once on the Web of Science. This was cited in an article that appeared in the African American Review in 1999. This article looks somewhat promising because it is about racial violence and representation.
Here's the bibliographical information:
Stephens, J "Racial violence and representation: Performance strategies in lynching dramas of the 1920s" African American Review 33 (4): pg 655-671 WIN 1999
The Joys of Citations
Here are the three articles that are relevant to the topic of "how images of race and ethnicity are construted in media discourse", which cite the article by Sasha Torres:
Meyers M "African American women and violence: Gender, race, and class in the news" CRITICAL STUDIES IN MEDIA COMMUNICATION 21 (2): 95-118 JUN 2004
Lundman RJ "The newsworthiness and selection bias in news about murder: Comparative and relative effects of novelty and race and gender typifications on newspaper coverage of homicide" SOCIOLOGICAL FORUM 18 (3): 357-386 SEP 2003
ENTMAN RM "REPRESENTATION AND REALITY IN THE PORTRAYAL OF BLACKS ON NETWORK TELEVISION-NEWS" JOURNALISM QUARTERLY 71 (3): 509-520 FAL 1994
Images of race and ethnicity in media discourse
Marissa Gladstone and Josh Steinberg
Jacqueline Goldsby citation:
JL, Stephens. "Racial Violence and representation: Performance strategies in lynching dramas of the 1920s." African American Review 33.4 (1999):655-671.
Herman Gray citation:
B, Hokowhitu. "Tackling Maori masculinity: A colonial genealogy of savegery and sport." Contemporary Pacific 16.2(2004):259-284.
This articles deconstructs one of the dominant discourses surrounding Maori men. A genealogical approach is used to explain the historical impact of the image of the Maori man to Maori man as a physical being, and the reasons such a view was constructed. Sporting images have influenced the image of the Maori man over the years.
GE, Coover. "Television and social identity: Race representation as "White" accommodation." Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 45.3(2001): 413-431.
This article discusses the influence of races on White veiwers, evaluating their feelings and perceptions. White viewers show favour for Black commentators, rather than white. Results are discussed in relation to racism, as well as the existence of white identity.
References to Jacqueline Goldsby
1)
Lembo, R., Tucker, H. "Culture, Television and Opposition- Rethinking Cultural-Studies." Critical Studies in Mass Communication 7 (Jun 1990): 97-117.
2)
Spigel, L. "Entertainment Wars: Television Culture after 9/11." American Quarterly 56 (Jun 2004): 235-270.
3)
Nickles, S. "More is better: Mass consumption, gender, and class identity in postwar America."American Quartely 54 (Dec 2002): 581-622.
Citation Pearl Growing: Herman Gray
http://go5.isiknowledge.com/portal.cgi/WOS
Lundman, RJ. “The newsworthiness and selection bias in news about murder: Comparative and relative effects of novelty and race and gender typifications on newspaper coverage of homicide.” Sociological Forum 18.3 (2003): 357-386.
This article seems very interesting from looking at the issue of how race and ethnicity is constructed in media discourse in regards to homicide. It explores the bias's that media have towards different races and how news stories are often altered due to this. It seems as though it would be very informative, although it is specified into a certain type of media story.
Coltrane, S., and Messineo, M. “The perpetuation of subtle prejudice: Race and gender imagery in 1990s television advertising.” Sex Roles 42.5-6 (2000): 363-389.
This article looks at the portrayal of race and ethnicity in regards to advertising. It explains how advertisements construct stereotypes and follow thes stereotypes that society has on different races. It also explores this in respect to gender, which I feel would be an interesting combination to explore. It explains how society is affected by these stereotypical advertisements. This article seems to be very interesting and I think it would provide great information for the topic of how different races and ethnicities are portrayed in the media.
Meyers, M. “African American women and violence: Gender, race, and class in the news.” Critical Studies in Media Communication 21.2 (2004): 95-118.
This seems to be an excellent example of how media alters the stories that they report on in order to conform to/enforce stereotypes of different races and ethnicities. It explores the stories of violence against African American women and how the media to not accurately report these stories. Although this article is specified in terms of which race they explore, it seems as though it is very informative and interesting, and thus, should be worth reading.
Representation of Jewish Persons in the Media
This article discusses the Jewish response to the collapsing of a snow covered crematorium at Auschwitz. This article discusses indepthly about how the Jewish community responded to the 60 year anniversary of the closing of this concentration camp and where the Jewish community has moved since that time.
Cited in MLA format as a Online Journal Article (without an author)
No Author, "Auschwitz, the world remembers," The Jewish Telegraph.n.page. Online. 31 Jan, 2005.
Sources that have cited Herman Gray (updated with MLA style)
Meyers, M. “African American women and violence: Gender, race, and class in the news.” Critical Studies in Media Communication 21.2 (2004): 95-118. Web of Science. Western Libraries, London, ON. 8 Feb 2005
Winn, JE. “Challenges & compromises in Spike Lee's Malcolm X.” Critical Studies in Media Communication 18.4 (2001): 452-465. Web of Science. Western Libraries, London, ON. 8 Feb 2005
Coover, GE. “Television and social identity: Race representation as "White" accommodation.” Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media 45.3 (2001): 413-431 2001. Web of Science. Western Libraries, London, ON. 8 Feb 2005
Useful Articles for studying racial imagery in media discourse
These are articles that cite:
Gray, Herman. "Television, Black Americans, and the American Dream." Critical Studies in Mass Communication 6 (1989): 376-86.
1) Coover, G.E. “Television and Social Identity: Race Representation as ‘White’ accomdation.” Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media 45.3 (summer 2001): 413-31.
2) Coltrane S., and M. Messineo. “The perpetuation of subtle prejudice: Race and gender imagery in 1990s television advertising.” Sex Roles 42.5-6 (March 2000): 363-389.
3) Davis, J.L., and O.H. Gandy. “Racial identity and media orientation – Exploring the nature of constraint.” Journal of Black Studies 29.3 (January 1999): 367-397.
MLA formatted
Mahtani, Michelle. "Representing Minorities: Canadian media and minority identities."
Canadian Ethnic Studies 33.3 (2001): 99. CBCA referenceSummary. Western Libraries, London, ON. 1 Feb. 2005 http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb.
This article discusses the limited roles in media entertainment for people of the Black community. For example- roles such as villains are allotted to black people rather than heroes. Another positive aspect of this article is that it focuses on Canadian television- as Canadian citizens, analyzing Canadian media is crucial to understanding our national identity.
Williams, Kam. "Spike Lee raps about Oscars, Knicks and Jim Brown". Afro American Star. 110.34 (2002): B1[Washington] 1 Feb. 2005, D.C.
This article showcases an interview with Spike Lee- the controversial film director. He discusses misrepresentation or lack thereof in his films, as well as in other's films. Since he is Black himself, this might be relevant to the research as he is resisting the misrepresentation by creating controversial films. His opinion may really assist the research in this field due to his first-hand experience.
Thompson, Bankole. "Africans call for an end to misrepresentation during black history month".
Michigan Citizen 24.13 (2002): 13. Ethnic Newswatch Summary. Western Libraries, London, On. 1 Feb 2005 http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb.
This article explores people from the Black community during Black history month and thier observations and criticisms of misrepresentation in the media. This is important so the researcher sees the resistance on the part of the Black community, the evidence (that there is an need for reform within media portrayals, and possible solutions posed by the people of the Black community.
MLA citations for Latino/Hispanic Television references
Rojas, Viviana. "The gender of Latinidad: Latinas speak about Hispanic television." Communication Review 7.2 (2004): 125-153.
Anonymous. "Latinos Hardly Visible on Prime-Time Televison, UCLA Study Finds." Black Issues in Higher Education 20.7: 16.
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My third citation was unavailable today due to maintenance on the First Search database.
Articles that cite Margret Morse's Talk, Talk, Talk... (edited into MLA format)
article one
Title: DISCOURSE TALK TELEVISION
Author(s): DEMING RH
Source: SCREEN 26 (6): 88-92 1985
Document Type: Article
Publisher: OXFORD UNIV PRESS, WALTON ST JOURNALS DEPT, OXFORD, ENGLAND OX2 6DP
although this article does not contain anything specifically concerning race and ethinicity in the media it does deal with discourse. Discourse is a topic that scholars of race and ethnicity in the media would no a great deal about. It was also published in the same source as the article that was written by Margret Morse. Screen 26
article two:
Title: ON MEDIA AND EXISTENCE - CRITICAL RESPONSE
Author(s): NELSON JL
Source: CRITICAL STUDIES IN MASS COMMUNICATION 4 (3): 311-318 SEP 1987
Document Type: Article
Publisher: SPEECH COMMUNICATION ASSN, 5105 BACKLICK RD, ANNANDALE, VA 22003
I assume this article would go on to explain how all types of people have exsisted in the media. It also deals a great deal with discourse, which is an important topic for someone researching race and ethnicity in the media.
article three:
Title: INTERSUBJECTIVITY AND TEMPORAL REFERENCE IN TELEVISION COMMENTARY
Author(s): MARRIOTT S
Source: TIME & SOCIETY 4 (3): 345-364 OCT 1995
Document Type: Article
Publisher: SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD, 6 BONHILL STREET, LONDON, ENGLAND EC2A 4PU
This article might be useful becasue it analyzes how television commentary is received differently to people around the world, and in different time periods. This could deal with how minorites are talked about in certain broadcasts, and their reaction to what is said. Once again the article also deals with discourse which is important becasue of reasons mentioned in my other two examples. It also comes form a different source then the other three articles examined. Time & Society.
Article 1
Deming, R. "Discourse Talk Television," Screen 26.6 (1985): 88-92.
Article 2
Nelson, J. "On Media And Existance - Critical Response," Critical Studies In Mass Communication 4.3 (1987): 311-318.
Article 3
Marriott, S. "Intersubjectivity And Temporal Reference In Television Commentary," Time And Society 4.3 (1995): 345-364.
Black WHite And In Color
CITINGS FROM THE PREVIOUS POSTING
McMurray, J. L. "Black Women In Theatre: Creating New Avenues." Black Masks 3 (1984-1989): 4. Proquest Research Library. Proquest. Western Libraries, London, ON. Dec 31, 1986 309&VName=PQD&TS=1106687026&clientId=11263>.
Billings, Andrew; Eastman, Susan "Framing Identities: Gnder, Ethnic, and national parity in Network Announcing of the 2002 Winter Olympics." Jounal of Communication 53.4 (2003): 569 Proquest Research Library. Proquest. Western Libraries, London, ON. Dec 1, 2003 &VName=PQD&TS=1107289193&clientId=11263&aid=1>
CITINGS FROM ARTICLES USED BY SASHA TORRES
Meyers, M. "African American women and violence: Gender, race, and class in the news." Critical Studies In Media Communication 21.2 (2004): 95-118 Web Of Science Research Library. Web Of Science. Western Libraries, London, ON. June 2004 http://go5.isiknowledge.com/portal.cgi/WOS
Abstract: This study uses discourse analysis to examine the representation of violence against African American women in local TV news coverage of Freaknik, an annual "spring break" ritual that drew African American college students from throughout the country to Atlanta, Georgia in the 1990s. It draws on Black feminist theory in its examination of the ways that gender, race, and class intersected to shape the representation of the victims, the perpetrators, and the violence. The results indicate that the convergence of gender, race, and class oppressions minimized the seriousness of the violence, portrayed most of its victims as stereotypic Jezebels whose lewd behavior provoked assault, and absolved the perpetrators of responsibility. Coverage also reinforced race and class stereotypes by representing locals as underclass troublemakers prone to crime while students were linked to law-abiding, middle class values and norms. In demonstrating the utility of addressing the intersectionality of gender, race, and class, this study argues that such an approach is necessary to the study of representation.
Lundaman, RJ "The newsworthiness and selection bias in news about murder: Comparative and relative effects of novelty and race and gender typifications on newspaper coverage of homicide." Sociological Forum 18.3 (2003): 357-386 Web Of Science Research Library. Web Of Science. Western Libraries, London, ON. September 2003 http://go5.isiknowledge.com/portal.cgi/WOS
Abstract: Previous research suggests that journalists assess the newsworthiness of homicide occurrences using the relative frequency of particular types of murders and how well specific murder occurrences mesh with stereotypical race and gender typifications. However, previous research also is marked by four important limits, including the failure to systematically examine intersections of race and gender. The present research remedies these problems and clarifies existing understandings of selection bias in news about murder in two important respects. Newsworthiness as represented by novelty is an incomplete explanation of selection bias. Instead, news about murder is the product of journalistic assessments of newsworthiness firmly grounded in long-standing race and gender typifications.
Eschholz S; Bufkin J; Long J "Symbolic reality bites: Women and racial/ethnic minorities in modern film." Sociological Spectrum 22.3 (2002): 299-334 Web Of Science Research Library. Web Of Science. Western Libraries, London, ON. July - September 2002 http://go5.isiknowledge.com/portal.cgi/WOS
Abstract: Criticisms of mass media productions often include a discussion of how women and minorities are systematically excluded and/or relegated to minor roles, or roles that match traditional stereotypes. These types of portrayals are important factors in the social construction of reality among the general public, and therefore may perpetuate racism and sexism on a larger scale. Using a content analysis of fifty popular films in 1996 the present study explores the demographic composition of the leading actresses and actors. The goal is to gauge the strength of female and minority presence and to provide an assessment of character representations through an analysis of labor force participation, sex-roles of occupation, prestige of occupation, and gender. Findings indicate that although both women and minorities have made some advancement in their film portrayals, compared to earlier studies, they still are under-represented in leading roles in Hollywood, and their portrayals are often consistent with traditional stereotypes.
POSTED BY: ALICA AND DEAN :)
Diane's post: Feb. 1
Using the "Cited References" search for Herman Gray, I found three articles that site his article. These are useful to someone researching the construction of images of race in media.
Meyers, M. “African American Women and Violence: Gender, Race and Class in the News” Critical Studies in Media Communication 21.2 (2004): 95-118
This document examines the representation of violence against African American women in local TV news. The results of a study indicate that the gender, race, and class oppressions minimized the seriousness of the violence against them. Television portrayed the victims as provoking the assault. Coverage reinforced race and class stereotypes by representing locals as underclass troublemakers prone to crime. This document is useful because it discusses a specific group of African Americans: women.
Lundman, RJ. “The Newsworthiness and Selection Bias in News about Murder: Comparative and Relative Effects of Novelty and Race and Gender Typifications on Newspaper Coverage of Homicide” Sociological Forum 18.3 (2003): 357-386
Lundman argues that newsworthiness as represented by novelty is an incomplete explanation of selection bias. Instead, news about murder is the product of journalistic assessments firmly grounded in race and gender typifications. This article specifically discusses the news media and its relationship with race.
Murphy, ST. “The Impact of Factual versus Fictional Media Portrayals on Cultural Stereotypes” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 560 (1998): 165-178
This document explores how factual and fictional media portrayals activate racial and gender stereotypes. It suggests how media portrayals might successfully reduce prejudice. This article not only talks about the present situation but also discusses how it might be improved.
Diane Jansen
portrayal of african americans as criminals
Works Cited
MLA citations
Journal Article.
Eschholz, Sarah. “Racial composition of television offenders and viewers' fear of crime.”
Critical Criminology. 11.1 (2002): 41.
Books.
Bogle, Donald. Prime time blues : African Americans on network television. New York, United States of America: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001.
Newkirk, Pamela. Within the veil : black journalists, white media. New York, United States of America: New York University Press, 2000.
Spencer Vermue 250280427.
article 1
retrieved from the cbca database Racial composition of television offenders and viewers' fear of crimeEschholz, Sarah. Critical Criminology. Richmond: 2002. Vol. 11, Iss. 1; p. 41
I think that this website would be useful because it deals with how young blackmales are far to often depicted as criminals in the media. it also goes onto talk about as the veiwers sees these images, that we subconsciously develop fears against one ethnic group. These fears can be converted into variouspredjudices, that can shape more and more peoples opinions about the race thatis being depicted as criminals in the media.
Article 2.
retrieved from uwo humanities databaseAuthor Bogle, Donald.Title Prime time blues : African Americans on network television / DonaldBogle.Publisher New York : Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001.
I think that this book would be very helpful becasue it traces the state of how african americans have been shown on network television throuought the history of network television. It also deals with how some famous african americancelebrities are trying to educate the public about these stereotypes that aregoing on
Article 3
retrieved from uwo humanities databaseAuthor Newkirk, Pamela.Title Within the veil : black journalists, white media / Pamela Newkirk.Publisher New York : New York University Press, c2000.
I think that this source would be of use because it deals with how africanamericans have trouble not only being depicted on television and journalism butalso their trouble in creating these mediums. It deals with how many blackshave trouble getting the recognition they deserve for their works. Lastly itdeals with how coverage of minorities is being ignored despite it being a veryimportant isuue.This blog was created by Spencer Vermue # 250280427
transgender and homosexuality in media
The sex-change boom Is politics the appropriate arena for this discussion?
John Leo. U.S. News & World Report. Washington: Mar 12, 2001.Vol.130, Iss. 10; pg. 20
This article talkes about how media protrays the transgender boom to be like a revolution, following in the footsteps of slavery, feminists and homosexuals. It is an easy to read and clear article to write for people who are interested in transgender topics and how it relates to media and politics.
Author(s): Wilcox, Sarah A.
Title: Cultural Context and the Conventions of Science Journalism: Drama and Contradiction in Media Coverage of Biological Ideas about Sexuality.
Source: Critical Studies in Media Communication v. 20 no3 (Sept. 2003) p. 225-47 Journal
This article talks about how homosexuality and transgender may not only come to a person biologically but it is possible for there to be some contribution from the media. This seems like a really interesting article as well as a very readable one.
Shugart, Helene A. (2003). Reinventing privilege: The new (gay) man in contemporary popular media . Critical Studies in Media Communication. 20 (1, March), 67-91.
This article talks about how media is starting to show homosexuals in a positive light and we can see it becoming more and more prominent in shows such as Will and Grace. Readable piece and clearly laid out, good for anyone interested how media is portraying homosexuals these days.
Leo, John. “The sex-change boom. Is politics the appropriate arena for this discussion?” Us News and World Report Vol. 130 (2001): pg. 20
Wilcox, Sarah A. “Cultural Context and the Conventions of Science.” Critical Studies in Media Communication Vol. 20 (2003): pg. 225-47
Shugart, Helene A. “Reinventing privilege: The new (gay) man in contemporary popular media.” Critical Studies in Media Communication 20 (March): pg. 67-91
